Overview: Recent initiatives in crop diversification have significantly contributed to a reduction in stubble burning incidents across India, particularly in Haryana. This has resulted in a notable decrease in air pollution and environmental degradation caused by this practice.
Key Developments and Government Action:
- Crop Diversification: Farmers have been encouraged to shift from traditional paddy and wheat to other crops like maize, millets, and pulses, which do not require burning the leftover stubble. This shift has helped reduce the frequency of stubble burning.
- Technological and Financial Support: The government has facilitated access to modern machinery and financial incentives under the Central Sector Scheme on ‘Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization for In-Situ Management of Crop Residue’. This includes providing subsidies for machinery like the Happy Seeder, which helps manage crop residue without burning.
- Monitoring and Enforcement: Enhanced monitoring systems and strict enforcement of bans on stubble burning have been implemented. The Commission on Air Quality Management (CAQM) and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) have developed protocols to monitor and manage crop residue effectively.
Impact:
- Reduction in Stubble Burning: Haryana has seen a 37% reduction in stubble burning incidents in 2023 compared to the previous year. Similarly, a reduction of 27% was observed in Punjab.
- Environmental Benefits: The shift has contributed to better air quality and lower carbon emissions. Initiatives like the establishment of biomass power projects and the use of crop residue in industrial applications are promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
Future Directions: The state continues to invest in educational programs to raise awareness about the benefits of sustainable farming practices and the harmful effects of stubble burning. The ongoing efforts are aimed at completely eliminating this practice through a combination of regulatory measures, technological innovation, and farmer education.
